Does Asperger Syndrome Remain Relevant Today? Exploring Neurodiversity
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Understanding Neurodiversity
Throughout my childhood and teenage years, I was acutely aware of my differences from my peers. Although I had friends, I often preferred solitary activities that aligned with my interests. I was perplexed by how easily other children formed connections and spent time together. Many times, I was labeled as "weird," and I often wondered why my intense focus on specific topics was met with disinterest.
My early 1990s diagnosis of ADD didn’t fully capture my experiences. I grappled with thoughts of being mentally challenged despite having a high IQ, and at times, I even questioned if I was experiencing schizophrenia. The social fallout from my unique traits led to bullying, exclusion, and a pervasive sense of not belonging, contributing to long-standing depression and anxiety. I also struggled with alcoholism, which I overcame just over three years ago.
A pivotal moment occurred when I was around 20 or 21, during a dinner with my mother, who is a mental health counselor. She shared a magazine article about a "new condition" she was studying and asked me to read it. As I skimmed through the piece, a sense of recognition washed over me—not only in relation to myself but also reflecting on peers I had known in my middle and high school for learning disabilities. After finishing, I turned to my mother, eyes wide, and asked, “Wait, do I have this?!”
About a year later, following a series of tests, I received confirmation that I had a mild form of autism known as Asperger Syndrome. This revelation brought relief and clarity, allowing me to understand my identity better. My only regret was the delay in receiving this diagnosis. I quickly embraced my identity as an “Aspie,” a label that has evolved over time.
The Evolution of Asperger Syndrome
While I identify with Asperger Syndrome, its classification has changed dramatically in recent years. In 2013, the DSM-5 merged it into the broader autism spectrum, categorizing it as high-functioning autism. This shift has sparked disagreement among many who were previously diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome. While the autism spectrum is certainly valid, and Asperger Syndrome likely belongs within it, the unique characteristics of Asperger Syndrome differentiate it from general high-functioning autism.
For instance, individuals with Asperger Syndrome typically develop language skills on time or even early, whereas those with high-functioning autism may experience delays. Additionally, cognitive abilities in Asperger Syndrome are often average to above average, unlike classic high-functioning autism, where cognitive challenges are more prevalent. These distinctions are just a few examples of the differences.
Asperger Syndrome is fundamentally a neurostructural variation, characterized by distinct social interaction styles, intense interests, potential physical clumsiness, a unique way of speaking with precise vocabulary, and difficulties in processing sensory information. It’s essential to note that not everyone with Asperger Syndrome exhibits all these traits.
The Origins and Controversy of the Name
The term "Asperger Syndrome" originates from the work of German pediatrician Hans Asperger, who recognized specific traits in children and initially referred to them as "autistic psychopathy." The term gained wider recognition through British psychiatrist Lorna Wing, who published a paper in 1981 that popularized Asperger Syndrome. It was included in the DSM-IV in 1994, only to be removed in the DSM-5.
The name itself has been the subject of controversy, partly due to its peculiar sound and the historical context surrounding Hans Asperger, who has been linked to eugenics practices during the Nazi regime. This has fueled ongoing debates about whether the term should continue to be used, not only because of its removal from the DSM but also due to its implications.
Based on substantial evidence, I, along with many others, believe Asperger Syndrome is a distinctive condition that should be recognized as part of the autism spectrum. While it is not synonymous with classic high-functioning autism, it represents a closely related subset. Regarding the nomenclature, I advocate for a shift away from the term “Asperger,” suggesting we adopt terms like “Spectrals” to describe those at that end of the spectrum.
The Importance of Identity and Acceptance
It is crucial for those identified as "Spectrals" to maintain their identity and unite in advocating for acceptance in a broader societal context. We can achieve this only through solidarity and shared objectives.
Moments of Passion
The first video discusses the ongoing question of whether the term "Asperger's" can still be used and its implications for identity.
The second video addresses the evolving landscape of autism diagnoses, shedding light on changes in the understanding of Asperger's and autism over the years.